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Biomolecular structure is the intricate folded, three-dimensional shape that is formed by a protein, DNA, or RNA molecule, and that is important to its function. The structure of these molecules is frequently decomposed into primary structure, secondary structure, tertiary structure, and quaternary structure. The scaffold for this structure is provided by secondary structural elements that are hydrogen bonds within the molecule. This leads to several recognizable "domains" of protein structure and nucleic acid structure, including secondary structure like hairpin loops, bulges and internal loops for nucleic acids, and alpha helices and beta sheets for proteins. The terms primary, secondary, tertiary, and quaternary structure were first coined by Kaj Ulrik Linderstrøm-Lang in his 1951 Lane Medical Lectures at Stanford University. ==Primary structure== In biochemistry, the primary structure of a biological molecule is the exact specification of its atomic composition and the chemical bonds connecting those atoms (including stereochemistry). For a typical unbranched, un-crosslinked biopolymer (such as a molecule of DNA, RNA, or typical intracellular protein), the primary structure is equivalent to specifying the sequence of its monomeric subunits, e.g., the nucleotide or peptide sequence. Primary structure is sometimes mistakenly termed ''primary sequence'', but there is no such term, as well as no parallel concept of secondary or tertiary sequence. By convention, the primary structure of a protein is reported starting from the amino-terminal (N) end to the carboxyl-terminal (C) end, while the primary structure of DNA or RNA molecule is reported from the 5' end to the 3' end. The primary structure of a nucleic acid molecule refers to the exact sequence of nucleotides that comprise the whole molecule. Frequently, the primary structure encodes motifs that are of functional importance. Some examples of sequence motifs are: the C/D and H/ACA boxes of snoRNAs, Sm binding site found in spliceosomal RNAs such as U1, U2, U4, U5, U6, U12 and U3, the Shine-Dalgarno sequence, the Kozak consensus sequence and the RNA polymerase III terminator. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Biomolecular structure」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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